The cleric who called for the Second Crusade in the 1140s was
a. St. Bernard of Clairvaux.
b. Pope Urban II.
c. Pope Innocent III.
d. Peter the Hermit.
e. Cyril.
a
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What was a common characteristic of a typical slave ship?
A) Slaves were separated by class position to prevent rebellion. B) Slave captains packed their ships as tightly as possible to maximize profit. C) Mortality rates were very low due to the presence of many Africans. D) Slave ships were generally poorly constructed, and were more likely to fall apart at sea.
The idea of the divine right of kings was attractive to monarchs because it effectively ________
A. gave them free license over their people B. ended the influence of the church in secular matters C. made them free of noble rule D. created an alliance between the nobles and commoners
By the early eleventh century, the Byzantine Empire
A) was under the control of the western emperor. B) had been conquered by the Abbasids. C) was in terminal decline. D) had achieved a new brilliance of power and influence under the Macedonians. E) had finally adopted Catholic Christianity and accepted the leadership of the pope.
Colonial Brazil did not offer higher education prior to 1800, which is why the earliest universities in colonial Latin America were all in Spanish America. Among these, the oldest were those of Santo Domingo, Mexico City and _________.
a. Córdoba, Argentina b. Lima c. Bogotá d. Quito