Match the following items with the correct phrases.
_______1. ____________________ is a virulence factor that is found in (and released from) the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria.
_______2. The molecules on the surfaces of host cells that pathogens are able to recognize and attach to are known as receptors or ____________________.
_______3. Molecules on the surfaces of pathogens that are able to recognize and bind to molecules on the surfaces of host cells are known as ligands or ____________________.
_______4. ____________________ is also known as “spreading factor.”
_______5. ____________________ are toxins that destroy white blood cells.
a. adhesins
b. endotoxin
c. hyaluronidase
d. integrins
e. leukocidins
1. b. endotoxin
2. d. integrins
3. a. adhesins
4. c. hyaluronidase
5. e. leukocidins
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Which of the following is true of ?-independent termination of transcription?
A. It relies on the production of an RNA transcript with self-complementary sequences. B. It utilizes a hexameric helicase. C. RNA polymerase stalls at a specific sequence of GC base pairs. D. It occurs when the sigma subunit dissociates from the polymerase. E. It requires ATP hydrolysis.
____ is a cell engulfing large solid materials, and ____ is a cell engulfing materials dissolved in solution.
A. Endocytosis; exocytosis B. Exocytosis; endocytosis C. Phagocytosis; pinocytosis D. Pinocytosis; phagocytosis
The spindle apparatus begins to become visible during
A) prophase. B) interphase. C) anaphase. D) metaphase. E) telophase.
Which of the following is the best description of a control group in an experiment?
A) The control group and the test groups may have several differences between them. B) The control group is identical to each test group, except for one variable. C) There can be more than one difference between the control group and test groups but not several differences; otherwise, the experiment is invalid. D) There should be more than one control group in any experiment. E) The control group is a test group that is chosen at random