A researcher can claim that the independent variable in an experiment caused the results only by
A. proving that the experiment has high external validity.
B. eliminating experimental control and randomization.
C. keeping the dependent variable constant.
D. eliminating competing, alternative explanations.
Answer: D
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a. decreases as we get older. b. increases as we get older. c. decreases then increases after age 50 d. remains the same throughout life.
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