Navid is a 20-year-old male of Persian descent. His parents moved to the United States when Navid was 15-years-old. He has recently come to counseling because his parents have insisted that he stop smoking pot or they will not pay for him to finish his last semester at college. His father recently stopped talking to him because he is so upset by David's choice to "throw his life away". Navid
reports that he frequently hears his mother crying over his drug use. From a systemic counseling perspective, what purpose could Navid's substance use have in his family?
a. Navid's substance use is the product of his addiction.
b. His substance use serves to keep the family connected and roles stable during their period of acculturation.
c. Navid is smoking pot to act out for attention and rebellion.
d. Navid's substance use serves to cover up deeper issues that he has, which would best be discovered in individual therapy.
B
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