Alligators more closely resemble lizards than birds; however, alligators and birds have four-chambered hearts, which
lizards do not have. In this example, the four-chambered heart is a ____, which indicates that alligators are ____ related to
birds than to lizards.
a. derived character; more closely
b. key innovation; more closely
c. derived character; more distantly
d. key innovation; not
e. homologous structure; more distantly
ANSWER: a
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