In the context of the influenza virus, describe the mechanistic difference between an antigenic drift and an antigenic shift. Also indicate the result of each

What will be an ideal response?


Answer: Antigenic drift is a change in the influenza virus antigens due to a mutation within its genome. The mutations generally result in small changes in antigens, but an individual will not have immunity to the newly mutated antigen-containing influenza virus. When two or more different influenza virus strains rearrange the order of their genes (called reassortment), the influenza virus antigens tend to change in major ways. Again, an individual will not be immune to the newly re-assorted antigens.

Biology & Microbiology

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Because hardly any oxygen (O2) was in the early Earth's atmosphere, the single-celled microorganisms probably used which of the following to produce energy to drive metabolic processes?

A. Aerobic cellular respiration. B. Anaerobic cellular respiration. C. Sulfuric acid respiration. D. Both aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration. E. Sulfuric acid, aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

Biology & Microbiology

Using the allele frequencies in the table below, what is the probability that a random person would be heterozygous 12/14 for VAW?

What will be an ideal response?

Biology & Microbiology

Which is true regarding Herceptin therapy?

A) It neutralizes the growth factor EGF. B) It acts as an immunotoxin to target and kill cancer cells. C) It is used to treat some breast cancer patients. D) It is a vaccine to prevent the development of cancer. E) It is an endotoxin that stimulates TNF by macrophages.

Biology & Microbiology

In eukaryotic cells, what name is given to the region that surrounds organelles but is not found inside the nucleus?

A) cytoplasm B) phospholipid bilayer C) nucleoid D) chloroplast

Biology & Microbiology