"Regression artifact" refers to the mathematical fact that
a. people who score above average on pretests tend to have lower scores on posttests, and those who score below average on pretests tend to increase their scores on posttests.
b. any participant's score on a pretest can be expected to be lower on a posttest, because of the "law of averages."
c. participants who have extreme scores, high or low, on a pretest tend to have posttest scores that are even more extreme.
d. posttests are often unnecessary, since they tend to give, on average, the same results as those obtained on pretests.
A
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Redistricting that is primarily political is likely to pass constitutional muster
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.
What are robo-calls? ?
a. Computer-assisted telephone interviews b. Polling interviews conducted by anonymous pollsters c. Polling calls that are not answered d. ?Busy signals
Civil law systems reject
a. precedent. c. rules of evidence. b. juries in civil law cases. d. All of the above are correct.
As opposed to pluralist theory, elite theory posits that
A. there is no mobility in the power structure, and accessibility is an issue. B. change is favorable and elite power must be used to protect the economic interests of the public at large. C. interest groups should compete to ensure representation of their interests in policy. D. those in power should raise and spend money to influence the outcome of elections. E. wealthy, educated individuals control the direction of major policy.