A 40-year-old female has been diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma. When asked what causes this cancer, the physician looks at the history and responds, "I see in your history, you have had:
A) Hepatitis B related to IV drug use as a teenager."
B) Numerous admissions for COPD exacerbations requiring steroids."
C) Three miscarriages with no live births."
D) Your uterus and ovaries removed for endometriosis."
Ans: A
Feedback:
There is strong epidemiologic evidence linking chronic HBV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with hepatocellular carcinoma. It has been estimated that 70% to 85% of hepatocellular cancers worldwide are due to infection with HBV or HCV. COPD, steroidal use, miscarriages, or endometriosis is not associated as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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