The culturally competent nurse recognizes that health implications of female genital mutilation can include: Note: Credit will be given only if all correct and no incorrect choices are selected. Select all that apply

Question

1. Hemorrhage.
2. HIV transmission.
3. Chronic urinary infections.
4. Increased sexual pleasure.
5. Easier childbirth.

Answer 1

1,2,3
Rationale 1: Hemorrhage is the most common immediate complication of all the female genital mutilation procedures done.
Rationale 2: HIV transmission can occur from female genital mutilation in developing countries where the instruments are not sterile.
Rationale 3: Chronic urinary infections caused by inadequate emptying of the bladder are common with female genital mutilation.
Rationale 4: Many infibulated women experience pain during sexual intercourse (dyspareunia).
Rationale 5: Infibulation-related complications associated with childbirth include obstructed labor, nonreassuring fetal status, postpartum hemorrhage, and postpartum sepsis.