A 60-year-old with a 25-year history of smoking is diagnosed with emphysema. Assessment shows an increased anterior-posterior chest diameter. The nurse attributes this finding to:
a. air trapping.
b. decreased inspiratory reserve volumes.
c. increased flow rates.
d. alveolar destruction.
ANS: A
Air trapping, not increased flow rates, expands the thorax, putting the respiratory muscles at a mechanical disadvantage. Neither decreased inspiratory reserve volumes nor alveolar destruction is associated with an increased anterior-posterior chest diameter.
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