As output increases, economies of scale occur when the
A) long-run average cost increases.
B) long-run average cost decreases.
C) short-run average total cost decreases.
D) long-run average cost stays constant.
E) long-run fixed cost decreases.
B
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Based on the figure below. Starting from long-run equilibrium at point C, a decrease in government spending that decreases aggregate demand from AD1 to AD will lead to a short-run equilibrium at__ creating _____gap.
A. B; no output B. D; an expansionary C. B; recessionary D. D; a recessionary
A binding price floor:
A. will cause quantity demanded to exceed quantity supplied. B. will cause quantity supplied to exceed quantity demanded. C. will increase total well-being. D. will set a legal maximum price in a market.
Increased production, but not increased inflation, will result in higher:
a. nominal GDP. b. real GDP. c. current dollar GDP. d. money GDP.
A steel factory has the right to discharge waste into a river. The waste reduces the number of fish, causing damage for fisheries. Let X denotes the quantity of waste dumped. The marginal damage, denoted MD, is given by the equation MD = 2 + 5Q. The marginal benefit (MB) of dumping waste is given by the equation MB = 34 - 3Q.
(a) Calculate the efficient quantity of waste. (b) What is the efficient fee, in dollars per unit of waste, which would cause the firm to dump only an efficient quantity of waste? (c) What would be the quantity dumped if the firm did not care about the fishery?