Which threat to external validity is controlled for in a double-blind experimental study?
1. Rosenthal Effect.
2. Hawthorne Effect.
3. Experimenter Effect.
4. Measurement Effect.
2
Rationale 1: The Rosenthal effect is the influence of an interviewer on a subject's answers.
Rationale 2: The Hawthorne effect is a threat to external validity in a double-blind experiment because it occurs when subjects respond in a certain manner because they know they are part of a study.
Rationale 3: The Experimenter effect occurs when the researcher's behavior influences the subject's behavior.
Rationale 4: Measurement effect occurs when subjects have been sensitized to the treatment by taking a pretest.
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A nurse notes the previous 24-hour urine output was 950 mL, well below the normal of 1500 mL. What is an effective nursing order to remedy the impending dehydration?
a. Offer more fluids daily. b. Offer 8 oz of juice or water at 0800 (8 AM), 1200 (12 noon), 1600 (4 PM), and 2000 (8 PM). c. Request extra fluid on a diet tray from the kitchen. d. Place a large water pitcher at the bedside during each shift.
The nurse is prioritizing care to prevent pressure sores for a client who is immobilized. Which of the following interventions are appropriate? (Select all that apply.)
A. Place a small pillow between bony surfaces. B. Elevate the head of the bed to 45 degrees. C. Limit fluids and proteins in the diet. D. Use a lift sheet to assist with repositioning. E. Reposition the client who is up in the chair every 2 hours. F. Keep the heels off the bed surfaces.G. Use a rubber ring to decrease sacral pressure when up in the chair.
Self-analysis assists providers in giving proper context to:
a. history and physical findings. b. therapeutic options. c. attitudes, values, and feelings. d. differential diagnoses.