The central part of a caseous granuloma caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis contains
A. lymphocytes
B. macrophages
C. multinucleated giant cells
D. fibroblasts
E. necrotic amorphous material
E
Typical caseating granulomas of tuberculosis consist of a central zone of necrosis surrounded by a rim of macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, and lymphocytes. In longstanding granulomas there are also fibroblasts, which become more prominent during fibrous healing
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Which cells that are found within GC light zones are generally NOT found in the GC dark zones?
A. Differentiating B cells B. TFH cells C. FDCs D. Naïve IgD+ B cells that are not participating in the response to the antigen E. None of the above
Describe in chronological order the steps of the antigen-processing and antigen-presentation pathways for intracellular, cytosolic pathogens
What will be an ideal response?
The patient is said to have a "trach" when ________
A) the patient's trachea is diseased B) the patient is on a ventilator C) there is a permanent opening in the trachea D) none of the above
_____ is a genetic variation associated with characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, and physical abnormalities such as heart valve disease
A) Hemophilia? B) ?Phenylketonuria C) ?Cystic fibrosis D) ?Down syndrome