The purpose of a circulatory shunt, such as the ductus arteriosus, is to
A) allow blood to bypass the fetal heart, which does not function as a pump until birth.
B) allow fetal blood and maternal blood to mix freely.
C) direct blood flow to the lungs to supply nutrients necessary for growth and maturation.
D) permit oxygenated blood to supply the most important fetal organs.
D
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A nurse is developing the teaching portion of a care plan for a patient with COPD. What would be the most important component for the nurse to emphasize?
A) Smoking up to one-half of a pack of cigarettes weekly is allowable. B) Chronic inhalation of indoor toxins can cause lung damage. C) Minor respiratory infections are considered to be self-limited and are not treated. D) Activities of daily living (ADLs) should be clustered in the early morning hours.
Mr. Faulkner is a 69-year-old man who has enjoyed generally good health for his entire adult life. As a result, he has been surprised to receive a new diagnosis of hypertension after a series of visits to his primary care provider
The nurse who is working with Mr. Faulkner should recognize which of the following aspects of aging and hypertension? A) The diagnostic criteria for hypertension in adults over 65 differ from those for younger adults. B) The incidence and prevalence of hypertension increase with age. C) Blood pressure remains stable throughout adulthood but tends to be assessed more often by health care providers of older adults. D) Older adults are less vulnerable to the pathophysiological effects of hypertension than are younger adults.
Which of the following guidelines should a nursing instructor provide to nursing students who are now responsible for assessing their clients?
A) "Assessment data about the client should be collected continuously." B) "Assess your client after receiving the nursing report and again before giving a report to the next shift of nurses." C) "Assess your client at least hourly if the client's vital signs are unstable, and every two hours if the vital signs are stable." D) "Assessment data should be collected prior to the physician rounding on the unit."
When a patient has any form of liver disease that results in hepatic failure, which of the following may result from the administration of amide local anesthetics?
A. Accumulation of amide metabolites B. Increased amide anesthetic clearance C. Rapid metabolism of the amide anesthetic agent D. None of the above