Which of Merton's social adaptations is most closely associated with criminal behavior?
A. Conformity
B. Innovation
C. Ritualism
D. Retreatism
Answer: B
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Which of the following describes civil justice for the victim?
a. A defendant who is found liable is not directly accountable to the victim. b. A defendant may not be found liable in a civil case if found not guilty in a criminal case. c. It involves a civil court finding liability that the defendant must pay the victim or victim's family d. The civil justice system requires more proof of liability than the criminal system.
According to Akers, what is the importance of social reinforcements?
What will be an ideal response?
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. If respondents to a questionnaire do not find at least one response category that fits their response they are likely to skip the question entirely. 2. Questioning can be a poor way to measure certain socially desirable behaviors so it may be useful to triangulate in order to strengthen the measure. 3. Measurement validity exists when a measurement yields consistent scores or observations. 4. When researchers test alternate-forms reliability, they divide the sample in half and administer two forms of the questions. 5. An index is a composite measure based on summing, averaging, or otherwise combining the responses to multiple questions that are intended to measure the same variable; sometimes called a scale.
The public health perspective on juvenile violence is that:
a. youths are victims of social forces and need treatment b. youths are victims of abandonment c. youths need to be punished as criminals d. youths are easily influenced