Outline the four levels of protein structure that give the protein its three-dimensional shape and determine its function. What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER: The primary structure of a protein is the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain. The
secondary structure is the pleated or helical structure generated by the formation of bonds
between amino acids. The tertiary structure is the three-dimensional structure brought about
by folding on itself. The quaternary structure is formed by the interaction of two or more
polypeptide chains in a protein
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Ions can be moved against the concentration gradient to create a difference in charge across that membrane. Later, the electrochemical gradient can be exploited by the cell to drive other processes. Respectively, what are these two mechanisms called?
a. primary passive transport, secondary passive transport b. primary sodium transport, secondary potassium transport c. primary active transport, secondary active transport d. primary electrical transport, secondary electrical transport
Scientists have confirmed by carbon dating that seeds dormant for up to 2000 years can successfully germinate. Based on the requirements for germination, what research expedition should you join in order to retrieve some ancient but viable seeds?
A. A trip to the Irish marsh, where wet peat creates anaerobic conditions, and your colleagues hope to unearth a bog mummy. B. A trip to the arid Dead Sea region, where your historian colleagues have found a storeroom of wax-sealed jars. C. A trip to the Burgess Shale in Canada, where your paleontologist colleagues have found fossils from the Cambrian era. D. A trip to Indonesia, where the civet cat eats and expels coffee beans, producing a gourmet coffee known as Kopi Luwak.
Cavitation would have no effect on translocation.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
A rod-shaped bacterium is referred to as a ________
a. coccus b. spirillum c. pili d. bacillus