What are the treatment options for Stage 5 CKD? Explain the differences between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

• Hemodialysis
• Peritoneal dialysis (2 types)
• Renal transplantation
• Hemodialysis attempts to mimic the filtration function of the body
- Dialysate fluid is designed to be similar to human plasma
- Patient's blood is pumped through a capsule of microscopic semipermeable membranes over several hours
- This is repeated approximately three times each week
- Using the concept of diffusion or osmosis, waste products are pulled from the blood into the dialysate
- Composition of the dialysate is determined by patient's individual laboratory parameters, and can be adjusted to osmolality and electrolyte content
• There are two main types of peritoneal dialysis (PD):
- Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)
- Continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD)
• In peritoneal dialysis, access to the patient's blood supply is gained via a catheter of silicone rubber or polyurethane, placed surgically into the peritoneum
• In this procedure, dialysate is introduced into the peritoneum through the peritoneal catheter
• Solutes from the plasma circulating in the vessels and capillaries perfusing the peritoneal wall pass across the peritoneal membrane into the dialysate, which is subsequently removed and discarded