The nurse is preparing an educational facts sheet on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) for older adults. What information does the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
a. Tainted blood transfusions are the greatest risk factor in older adults.
b. Delayed recognition of HIV contributes to its poor prognosis.
c. Twenty-five percent of AIDS cases in the United States are in persons older than 60.
d. There is a short interval from HIV infec-tion to AIDS in older adults.
e. HIV and AIDS cases in this age cohort have stabilized since the late 1990s.
B, D
The low clinical suspicion of HIV infection and delayed recognition of AIDS-defining infections contribute to the poor prognosis of HIV infection in older adults. The aging immune system is not able to eliminate the HIV residing in macrophages, lymphoid tissue, or the brain. Because the immune system's regenerative capacity is diminished and not all replacement cells are fully functional, the disease progresses more rapidly than in a younger cohort. Tainted blood is not the primary means of infection in this cohort. About 31% of HIV cases are in older adults, and 17% of new HIV infections occur in people older than 50.
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During dressing changes, the nurse assesses a client who has had breast reconstruction. Which finding would cause the nurse to take immediate action?
a. Slightly reddened incisional area b. Blood pressure of 128/75 mm Hg c. Temperature of 99 ° F (37.2 ° C) d. Dusky color of the flap
The nurse is explaining factors that affect an individual's body alignment, mobility, and daily activity level. Examples of client factors that might decrease mobility and activity include: Standard Text: Select all that apply
1. Vestibular disorder. 2. Spina bifida. 3. Anemia. 4. Overnutrition. 5. Ear canal infection.
A female patient is concerned after learning that a person, with whom she had a casual sexual encounter, has been diagnosed as being HIV positive. Which of the following should be explained to this patient?
1. An HIV positive status will manifest in a few months so all exposures will lead to disease. 2. Be sure to be tested in one month to see if the disease was transmitted to you. 3. An individual may be exposed to the virus but neither carry nor contract the disease. 4. I would not worry about it because you probably did not get enough of a viral load.
The nurse is caring for four patients with different diagnoses. Which patient should the nurse shave with an electric razor?
a. The hypertensive patient b. The patient with diabetes mellitus c. The patient with a closed head injury d. The patient with a pulmonary embolus