A nurse is teaching parents about transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the pediatric population. The nurse should relate that the most common mode of transmission of HIV virus is:
a. Perinatal transmission
b. Sexual abuse
c. Blood transfusions
d. Poor hand washing
A
Perinatal transmission accounts for the highest percentage of HIV infections in children. Infected women can transmit the virus to their infants across the placenta during pregnancy, at delivery, and through breast-feeding. Cases of HIV infection from sexual abuse have been reported; however, perinatal transmission accounts for most pediatric HIV infections. Although in the past some children became infected with HIV through blood transfusions, improved laboratory screening has significantly reduced the probability of contracting HIV from blood products. Poor hand washing is not an etiology of HIV infection.
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A student nurse assigned to a female, observant Muslim patient noticed her discomfort with several of the male health care providers. She wonders if this discomfort is related to the pa-tient's religious beliefs
In her preparation for clinical, she learned that Muslims differ in their adherence to tradition, but that modesty is the "overarching Islamic ethic" pertaining to interac-tion between the sexes (Rabin, 2010). The student nurse states which of the following to the pa-tient? a. "I'm going to request that you only have female physicians see you. Does having male nurses bother you as well?" b. "I know that it's hard to get used to, but you just have to get used to it. That's how it is in America." c. "It must be difficult for people like you to adjust to our ways, but there are limita-tions for all of us." d. "I know that for many of our Muslim pa-tients modesty is very important. Is there some way I can make you more comfort-able?'
The nurse is caring for a mechanically ventilated patient and responds to a high inspiratory pressure alarm. Recognizing possible causes for the alarm, the nurse assesses for which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a. Coughing or attempting to talk b. Disconnection from the ventilator c. Kinks in the ventilator tubing d. Need for suctioning
The nurse case manager is concerned about a particular client being discharged from the hospital. Which of the following factors, if present for this client, would alert the nurse to possible problems with treatment adherence?
1. The prescribed therapy is costly and of unknown duration. 2. The therapy will require no lifestyle changes of the client. 3. The client has not had difficulty understanding the regimen. 4. The client's culture is supportive of Western medicine.
Which intervention is most appropriate for the client with second-degree burns?
a. IV antibiotics b. Isolation c. IV dextrose infusion d. Silver sulfadiazine cream