Shaping is the:
A) ?reinforcement of new operant behavior.
B) ?gradual reinforcement of new operant behavior.
C) ?reinforcement of gradual approximations to an existing behavior to create a new behavior.
D) ?creation of new behavior through sudden reinforcement.
C
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What is Rosalie Rayner's role in the history of psychology?
a. She was a student assistant who helped Pavlov with his experiments on classical conditioning in animals. b. She was a colleague who helped Skinner with his experiments on operant conditioning in animals. c. She developed a cognitive theory of classical conditioning. d. She created the puzzle box used by Edward Thorndike. e. She was a student assistant who helped Watson with his experiments on classical conditioning in humans.
When treating patients' auditory hallucinations, a cognitive-behavioral therapist is likely to begin by using ____
a. assessment b. identification of negative beliefs c. mindfulness training d. collaborative analysis of symptoms
The finding that unemployment and divorce are associated with increased child abuse is a disturbing example of
a. displaced aggression. b. an avoidance-avoidance conflict. c. circumvention. d. projected sublimation.
According to Holland, artistic people, who are creative, open to new experience, and intuitive, gravitate towards occupations in which fields?
a. visual and performing arts c. government and social organizations b. teaching and counseling d. college teaching and research positions