In bluegill fish populations three different reproductive morphs (parental, sneaker, and satellite) coexist. What is a potential ultimate reason for the coexistence of these morphs?
a. The populations are polymorphic for "parental," "sneaker," and "satellite" alleles.
b. An immature male's nutritional status triggers "parental," "sneaker," and "satellite" developmental pathways.
c. Successful "parental" males must exert substantial amounts of energy for brood care and defense; nutritionally disadvantaged males may optimize their fitness by becoming "sneaker" males instead.
d. The fitness of "cheaters" like "sneaker" and "satellite" males is frequency dependent.
e. C and D.
E
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