After an assessment the nurse is concerned that an older patient is at risk for developing pneumonia. What age-related changes did the nurse assess to make this clinical decision?
Select all that apply.
1. Weak cough
2. Poor skin turgor
3. Smoked a ppd for 30 years
4. Body mass index 22.6
5. Diagnosed with right-sided heart failure
Correct Answer: 1, 2, 3, 5
Several changes associated with aging and disease affect respiratory function and airway clearance. The number of cilia decreases, and the cough weakens. The older adult is at greater risk for dehydration, leading to thick, viscous mucus that is difficult to expectorate. Poor skin turgor is an indication of dehydration. Other factors also may increase the risk for and severity of lower respiratory infections in the older adult including smoking history and heart disease. Malnutrition may increase the risk; however, a BMI of 22.6 is considered a normal weight.
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