When using primary data, what steps must be taken to ensure that the data quality is high, both during data entry and during data cleaning stages? What technologies facilitate both?
What will be an ideal response?
Data cleaning--the process of checking data for errors after the data have been entered into a computer file; the first step in data cleaning is to check responses before they are entered into a database to make sure that one and only one valid answer code has been clearly circled or checked for each question; written answers can be assigned their own numerical codes; the next step in data cleaning is to make sure that no invalid codes have been entered; if data are typed into a text file or entered directly through the data sheet of a statistics program, a computer program must be written to “define the data.” A data definition program identifies the variables that are coded in each column or range of columns, attaches meaningful labels to the codes, and distinguishes values representing missing data; social scientists use programs such as SPSS.
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A plan to raise and spend money is called a _____
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
The amount of federal aid given to states has increased substantially since 1950
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. Free trade agreements can risk the erosion of national sovereignty and contribute to democratic deficits. 2. Structuralists determine the value of free trade on the basis of states’ vulnerability to or dependence on other economies. 3. Free trade not only has redistributive effects in terms of prices of goods, but also in terms of labor and employment 4. The implementation of capital controls has led to financial hyperglobalization. 5. Hard currency is money used in everyday life, such as in the form of banknotes and coins
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. Alexander Hamilton argued that the judicial branch would be the weakest branch in Federalist No. 78. 2. The president has the power to appoint judges to the Supreme Court, but the House of Representatives has the power to confirm those appointments. 3. Amicus curiae briefs are submitted as the first step to getting a case heard at the Supreme Court. 4. The United States is an inquisitorial system and is mostly concerned with finding the truth. 5. The National Hockey League launched a campaign of kneeling during the national anthem to protest social injustice for young African American men.