When the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to amplify segments of DNA, the sample is first heated, and then cooled, in cycles. How many cycles of heating and cooling would be necessary to produce 16 times the original quantity of DNA?
a. 16
b. 2
c. 4
d. 6
e. 8
c. 4
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What will be an ideal response?
Drosophila eggs acquire an initial asymmetry before fertilization as a result of
A. maternal DNA molecules being deposited in one end of the egg. B. nurse cell migration to one end of the egg. C. production of bicoid proteins in one end of the egg. D. attachments of cadherins to one end of the cell. E. maternal mRNA being deposited in one end of the egg.
the __ is/are the site of sperm maturation and stomage
What will be an ideal response?
In Pseudomonas fluorescens, increases in cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate promote biofilm formation by
a. inhibiting activation of a protease that cleaves the large adhesion protein. b. affecting cell surface localization of a large adhesion protein. c. affecting secretion of a large adhesion protein. d. all of the above.