As a follow-up to the introduction of a new medication regimen for an older adult client, the physician is interpreting the client's recent blood work, paying particular attention to the client's serum creatinine (Cr) levels
(normal range 0.6 to 1.2 mg/100 mL) and glomerular filtration rate or GFR (normal value >60 mL/minute). Which of the following lab results would be considered typical of an older adult with impaired renal function?
A)
Cr 1.8; GFR 66
B)
Cr 2.3; GFR 30
C)
Cr 0.5; GFR 58
D)
Cr 1.1; GFR 22
Ans:
D
Feedback:
Due to decreased muscle mass and consequent decrease in creatinine production, older adults often maintain normal creatinine levels even in the presence of impaired glomerular filtration and low GFR.
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A. Supraventricular tachycardia. B. Atrial fibrillation. C. Premature ventricular contractions. D. Pulseless ventricular tachycardia.
Several nurses are discussing a patient and family in the cafeteria. The best response by one of the nurses to this discussion is
a. "Let's discuss this once we get back to the nurses' station." b. "Shh! The patient's family might be in the cafeteria now." c. "This is confidential information and shouldn't be discussed." d. "We should really keep our voices down so others can't hear us."
An 80-year-old patient comes to the emergency department with extreme pain and itching in the hip and leg and has herpetic vesicular lesions on the left hip. What should the nurse inquire about patient exposure to?
a. HSV, type 1 b. HSV, type 2 c. Smallpox d. Chickenpox
The Tuskegee study was ethically objectionable because informed consent was flawed, an available treatment was not provided, and deception was practiced
If informed consent had been properly administered and research subjects informed of the availability of penicillin when it became available, why would this still represent an ethically objectionable study? (Select all that apply.) a. The researcher has an obligation to actively do good for the research subjects; merely informing them of the availability of penicillin would not have been sufficient to meet this obligation. b. It took place in one state of the Union and so had limited generalizability. c. Some of the research subjects were illiterate and could not provide consent. d. There was no need for the study to be performed in the first place, since enough was known about syphilis at the time. e. Since African American men in Alabama were in an inferior social position, they constituted an underrepresented and potentially vulnerable population; every effort should have been made to include participants from other ethnic groups.