While playing poker with his friends, Matthew scratches his right leg before winning a very big hand
He decides that scratching his right leg will be his "lucky gesture," and for a long time scratches his right leg with every hand that is dealt. This silly superstition violates which rules of critical thinking?
A) Correlation versus causation
B) Falsifiability
C) Extraordinary claims
D) Occam's Razor
Answer: A
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A distinguished researcher reviewed the current findings on the etiology of mental disorders. Which of the following is the best summary of the consensus of opinion?
a. Most mental disorders are the result of genetic abnormalities. b. We do not currently know all of the specific causes of most mental disorders. c. Unconscious factors have been overlooked as the root cause of mental disorders. d. Environmental factors have been overlooked in the wake of recent findings on biological etiologies.
When the response scale only has two possible values, this type of distribution is a ______ distribution.
A. bimodal B. bimedial C. binominal D. biordinal
Jon’s teacher knows that he has had the flu and has been very ill. Jon doesn’t perform well on his exam but his teacher still believes that his poor performance is due to his laziness and not to his illness. Jon’s teacher is demonstrating:
A. a self-fulfilling prophecy. B. cognitive dissonance. C. deindividuation. D. an actor-observer effect. E. a correspondence bias.
A rat is trained to press a lever for a small amount of food. While pressing the lever at a steady rate, the rat is presented with a tone-light stimulus that had been previously paired with foot-shock. When the tone-light stimulus is on, the rat decreases its rate of lever pressing. This decrease is an example of
a. sign tracking. b. suppression. c. conditioned repression. d. unconditioned fear responding.