If X is positively correlated with Y, one can conclude that

a. X probably causes changes in Y.
b. Y probably causes changes in X.
c. changes in X and Y are both probably caused by Z.
d. None of these is true.


D

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Which of the following describes the mathematical ability of those not attending the after-school book club?

A. Not being in a sports team negatively affects mathematical ability. B. There is no significant difference in mathematical ability between those on sports teams and those not. C. Those on a school sports team are brilliant at maths tests. D. Not being in book club precludes you from joining a sports team.

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Most students can become academically proficient in a second language within

a. 2 years b. 4 years c. 6 years d. 8 years

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An explanatory and a prediction correlational design have what factor in common?

a. They both examine the association between two or more variables. b. They both try to explain and predict outcomes of a study. c. They both include predictor variables to be measured. d. They both use advanced statistical procedures for analysis.

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Consent that ensures voluntary participation in behavior change programs must be both voluntary and considered socially valid

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

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