A client receiving tamoxifen (Tamofen) asks how this therapy helps fight breast cancer. Which is the nurse's best response?
a. "This agent decreases estrogen levels. so the cancer stops growing."
b. "The drug causes you to secrete testoste-rone, which limits cancer growth."
c. "Tamoxifen kills estrogen-secreting cells and growth of blood vessels to cancer cells."
d. "It blocks estrogen receptors, and this limits cancer cell growth."
D
Tamoxifen is an estrogen antagonist-agonist. Its use in breast cancer is limited to cancers that express the estrogen receptor. Tamoxifen binds to estrogen receptors, inhibiting the binding of estrogen to receptors, thereby "starving" the cancer cells of an essential growth factor. The drug does not decrease circulating levels of estrogen, does not cause testosterone to be secreted in-stead of estrogen, and does not kill off estrogen-secreting cells.
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A patient has been admitted to the CCU in severe distress with acute respiratory failure. Initial arterial blood gases are pH 7.33, PaCO2 65, HCO3 30, PaO2 65, SaO2 90 . What is the most important nursing action?
A) Administer oxygen at 100%. B) Prepare for intubation. C) Obtain arterial blood gases. D) Measure functional expiratory volume.
A hospice benefit in the Medicare program has designated support to dying clients with an expected prognosis of what period to live if the disease ran its usual course?
A) 3 months B) 6 months C) 9 months D) 12 months
The nurse is providing pre op education for a Jewish pt scheduled to rcv a xenograft graft to promote burn healing. Which info should the nurse provide this pt?
a. the xenograft is taken from nonhuman sources b. grafting incrses the risk of bacterial infections c. grafts are later removed by a debriding procedure d. as the burn heals. the graft permanently attaches
Which nursing research cost-effectiveness study would be of most interest to industrial leaders?
1. A study on follow-up care of very low-birth-weight infants 2. A study on using a nurse-practitioner-managed clinic as the primary provider of health services 3. A study on nurse case management of patients experiencing syncope 4. A study on the development of an admission nurse role