Why was Alexander the Great unable to maintain control over the defeated Persian Empire? What legacies did he leave within the region?
What will be an ideal response?
A. Alexander the Great
1. destroyed the Persian Empire in three years' campaigns from 334 B.C.E.
2. Alexander took it over intact, maintained its methods of control, and divided it among his generals
B. Decline of Alexander the Great
1. methods or rule became arbitrary, his mood unpredictable
2. dealt with disloyalty first by judicial murder, then assassination, then slaughter by his own hand, then arbitrary executions
3. failed to impose Persian rituals of homage on his Greek and Macedonian followers
4. sought conquests beyond Persia's frontiers, but his troops became insubordinate
5. he fell dead at age 32, from unknown causes, during a drinking bout
C. Legacy left by Alexander
1. Alexander became the world's most written-about hero
a. epic romancers embroidered his life with stories of uncontainable prowess
b. credited him with exploring the depths of the ocean
2. material legacy was surprisingly meager
3. long-term, long-range cultural exchanges flourished in the states into which it fragmented
a. kingdom of Gandhara combined Buddhist religion and Greek-style art
b. the city Alexander founded at the Nile delta, Greek and Egyptian traditions fused
c. Greek spread as a common language throughout the Middle East and western Asia
4. defeat of Persia's empire and the collapse of Alexander's left a power vacuum
a. none of Alexander's many imitators and heirs could fill
b. Roman Empire eventually took over
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What will be an ideal response?
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