What is the Allee effect?
A. when fitness increases independently of population size
B. when fitness and growth rates increase with decreasing population size
C. when fitness and growth rates increase with increasing population size
D. when growth rates increase independently of population size
C. when fitness and growth rates increase with increasing population size
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Approximately how many doublings can normal human fibroblasts undergo in culture?
a. 50 to 100 b. They will go on proliferating indefinitely. c. They will not double at all but dispersing them in culture allows them to be studied in isolation from other cell types. d. five
Temperature, pH, and ionic concentrations each play an important role in the proper functioning of enzymes.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
Which of these is a logical signal transduction pathway?
-A receptor tyrosine kinase activates adenylyl cyclase, which activates phospholipase C, which converts ATP into cyclic AMP, which binds to an intracellular enzyme that carries out a response. -An ion-channel receptor opens, allowing a steroid hormone to enter the cell; the steroid hormone then activates protein kinases that convert GTP to GDP, which binds to an intracellular enzyme that carries out a response. -A G-protein-linked receptor activates G protein, which activates phospholipase C, which cleaves a membrane lipid to form IP3, which binds to a calcium channel on the ER, which opens to release calcium ions into the cytoplasm, which bind to an intracellular enzyme that carries out a response. -An intracellular receptor activates phospholipase C, which cleaves a membrane protein to form IP3, which then activates the opening of an ER channel protein, which releases cyclic AMP into the cytoplasm, where it binds to an intracellular enzyme that carries out a response.
If two solutions have unequal concentrations of a solute, the solution with the lower concentration is called
A. isotonic. B. hypertonic. C. hypotonic. D. osmosis.