Why did the framers of the Constitution, such as James Madison, believe that a Bill of Rights to guarantee individual rights was unnecessary at the federal level?
a. Madison believed that citizens should have faith and trust in their federal government without requiring a legal document.
b. Madison believed that if the federal government wanted to violate rights it could certainly do so with or without a Bill of Rights.
c. Madison believed that the federal government had only the powers it was explicitly given so it had no power to infringe on rights in the first place.
d. Madison believed that the federal government had no power to enforce such a Bill of Rights.
e. Madison believed that the new Supreme Court would invalidate the Bill of Rights.
ANS: C
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The 1978 Ethics in Government Act
a. was not applied to interest groups. b. was declared illegal by the Supreme Court. c. was totally ignored by interest groups. d. had some effect on lobbying activity. e. disallowed personal contact between lobbyists and politicians.
Many experts agree that governments should focus on ______ to deal with the effects of climate change.
a. limiting their populations b. building underground bunkers c. adaptation measures d. reducing their very young and elderly populations
How are critical elections and party realignments interrelated?
a. A party realignment is a larger version of a critical election. b. A party realignment is a smaller version of a critical election. c. A party realignment occurs before one or more critical elections and may be characterized by gradual or dramatic change. d. A party realignment occurs as a result of one or more critical elections and may be associated with a national crisis.
In case-oriented historical research, the sample is ______.
A. multiple nations at a single point in time B. multiple nations at multiple points in time C. one nation or other geographic unit D. individuals within a single nation