Research has shown that which of the following most strongly REDUCES month-to-month variations in self-reported criminal behavior by convicted felons?
a. Attending school
b. Illegal drug use
c. Working at a job
d. Heavy consumption of alcohol
a
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In the New York 1989 Central Park Jogger case, the convictions of the defendants were vacated because
a. witnesses supplied inaccurate information b. the victim's eyewitness report was tainted c. the defendants' confessions were false d. the police planted incriminating evidence
According to Cloward and Ohlin, "double-failures" enter which type of criminal subculture?
a. Rebels b. Criminal c. Retreatist d. Conflict
By the eighteenth century, three separate groups of property criminals were active: skilled thieves, smugglers, and poachers
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Which of the following is not an element in a negligence action?
a. A legal duty is owed to the plaintiff. b. There is a violation of that duty by an act or omission to act, which constitutes a breach of that duty. c. That act or omission was the proximate cause for the injury or damage suffered by the plaintiff. d. All of the above are elements in a negligence action.