Atrial natriuretic peptide
a. is secreted by the heart when atrial pressure is high
b. results in an increased glomerular filtration rate
c. inhibits aldosterone activity
d. promotes renal excretion of water
e. has all of the above characteristics
E
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In some freeze-tolerant animals, intracellular ice crystal formation is prevented by the presence of
A) Proton pumps. B) Antifreeze proteins. C) Heat shock proteins. D) Hydration elements.
Label O represents which of the following structures?
A) nephron loop
B) renal corpuscle
C) proximal convoluted tubule
D) distal convoluted tubule
E) collecting duct
Most sympathetic postganglionic fibers secrete the neurotransmitter ____________________, whereas all parasympathetic postganglionic fibers secrete the neurotransmitter ____________________
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
Which feature permits the compression necessary to pump large volumes of blood out of the ventricles?
A. Absence of oxygenated blood in the atria B. Presence of papillary muscles in the ventricles C. Arrangement of cardiac muscle in the heart wall D. Negative pressure inside the ventricles E. Presence of skeletal muscle tissue in the heart skeleton