The nurse finds that the client with a pain disorder has been in a physically and verbally abusive relationship. The client feels guilty and fears a loss of love. According to psychoanalytic concepts, this is believed to be a(n):
1. Unconscious conflict from childhood that was reawakened in adulthood by a similar situation.
2. Environmental factor.
3. Stress related to relationships.
4. Brain abnormality.
1
Rationale: The psychosocial theory addresses the psychoanalytic concepts of a repressed affect that is transformed into pain. Brain abnormality as an explanation of the pain disorder reflects biologic theory. Stress related to relationships as an explanation of the pain disorder derives from a humanistic view. Environmental factors are a component of the genetic theory.
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