Today, evolutionary biologists view speciation as a ____, and instead study the ____ of speciation using classical and genomic approaches.

During the inflammatory response, dilation of blood vessels is caused by

A. both histamine and nitric oxide. B. cytokines. C. histamine. D. phagocytes. E. nitric oxide.

Conjugation between a bacterium that lacks an F factor (F?) and a bacterium that has an F factor on its chromosome (F+) could produce which of the following results?

A) The F? bacterium ends up carrying one or more plasmids from the F+ bacterium; the F+ bacterium is unchanged. B) The F+ bacterium ends up with a recombinant chromosome that carries some genes from the F? bacterium, and the F? bacterium ends up with an unaltered chromosome. C) The F+ bacterium ends up with a recombinant chromosome that carries some genes from the F? bacterium, and the F? bacterium ends up with a chromosome that lacks those genes. D) The F? bacterium ends up with a recombinant chromosome that carries some genes from the F+ bacterium, and the F+ bacterium ends up with an unaltered chromosome.

Salmon are able to live in both fresh water and salt water. Salmon are therefore:

A. conformers. B. effectors. C. regulators. D. conditioned.

In a multicellular organism like an animal or a plant, it is cell-to-cell communication that allows the trillions of cells in an organism to coordinate life-dependent activities. To do this, cells within an organism exchange cellular molecules, including RNA. In plants specifically, this exchange can trigger acclimation to environmental changes, transfer of nutrients, and growth. Why is this study important?