When a Hb molecule accumulates excessive amounts of HCO3–, it is expelled from the cell in exchange for Cl–. What is this called?
a. Bohr effect
b. Haldane effect
c. Hamburger phenomenon
d. Hydrolysis phenomenon
ANS: C
As the hydrolysis of carbon dioxide continues, HCO3– ions begin to accumulate in the erythro-cyte. To maintain a concentration equilibrium across the cell membrane, some of these anions diffuse outward into the plasma. Because the erythrocyte is not freely permeable by cations, electrolytic equilibrium must be maintained by way of an inward migration of anions. This is achieved by the shifting of chloride ions (Cl–) from the plasma into the erythrocyte, a process called the chloride shift, or the Hamburger phenomenon.
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