HIV may be perinatally transmitted:
a. Only in the third trimester from the maternal circulation.
b. From the use of unsterile instruments.
c. Only through the ingestion of amniotic fluid.
d. Through the ingestion of breast milk from an infected mother.
ANS: D
Postnatal transmission of HIV through breastfeeding may occur. Transmission of HIV from the mother to the infant may occur transplacentally at various gestational ages. This is highly unlikely because most health care facilities must meet sterility standards for all instrumentation. Transmission of HIV may occur during birth from blood or secretions.
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