After Muhammad's death, which of the following factors led Abu Bakr to take the leadership of Islam?
a. his power base in the Muslim military forces
b. his claim that Muhammad had privately designated him as his successor
c. his connection to the Prophet as he was Muhammad's first cousin
d. his willingness to stop non-Muslim tribes from joining Islam
a. his power base in the Muslim military forces
Analysis:
a. Correct. Abu Bakr soon took over the leadership after Muhammad's death due to three factors: his power base in the Muslim military forces; the need to squelch defections from Islam by several Arab tribes when Muhammad dies; and his connection to the Prophet by way of Muhammad's favorite wife, A'isha, who was Abu Bakr's daughter.
b, c & d. Incorrect. The pressing issue at Muhammad's death was who would succeed him as leader of the Islamic movement, and how it was settled affects Islam through today.
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