A nurse is planning the care for an older adult patient. Which age-related changes in kidney function should the nurse consider when providing care to this patient? (Select all that apply.)
a. Thinning of nephron membranes
b. Sclerosis of renal blood vessels
c. Decreasing glomerular filtrations
d. Decreasing ability to concentrate or dilute urine
e. Decreasing erythropoietin
B, C, D, E
Sclerosis of renal blood vessels, decreasing glomerular filtration, decreasing ability to concentrate urine, and decreasing erythropoietin are associated with aging.
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The nurse who states, "I believe in the uniqueness and value of human beings" is basing care on the philosophy of
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A school-age client experiences a near-drowning episode and is admitted to the pediatric intensive-care unit (PICU). The parents express guilt over the near drowning of their child. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
1. "You will need to watch the child more closely." 2. "Tell me more about your feelings related to the accident." 3. "The child will be fine, so don't worry." 4. "Why did you let the child almost drown?"