If a wound overwhelms the clotting mechanism and leads to serious hemorrhage and drop in blood pressure, what compensations does the body have to defend cardiac output?
What will be an ideal response?
Acutely, the autonomic nervous system undergoes sympathetic activation. Epinephrine from the suprarenal medulla supports the neural mechanisms. Heart rate and contractility are increased from trying to maintain cardiac output. Vasoconstriction increases peripheral resistance, raising blood pressure and redirecting flow to vital internal organs. Simultaneously, venoconstriction occurs, increasing venous return and forcing extra blood from the venous to the arterial side of the circulation. The endocrine system releases ADH, angiotensin II, and aldosterone, which act together to raise blood volume by reducing fluid loss at the kidney.
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Which blood type is referred to as the universal donor?
a. A negative b. AB c. B positive d. O negative
A man who has his prostate removed due to prostate cancer would ________.
A. no longer be able to produce sperm B. have less viable sperm C. lose function of the vas deferens D. experience a decrease in human chorionic gonadotropin hormone
Which bone is not part of the axial skeleton?
A. Atlas B. Frontal bone C. Clavicle D. Malleus E. Sacrum
The most common blood type in the United States is:
a. A negative b. A positive c. O negative d. O positive