A postmenopausal patient who has had a hysterectomy and who has a family history of coronary heart disease reports experiencing vaginal dryness and pain with intercourse but tells the nurse that she doesn't want to take hormones because she is
afraid of adverse effects. The nurse will suggest that the woman ask her provider about: a. Depo Provera.
b. Estraderm.
c. low-dose estrogens.
d. Premarin vaginal.
D
Estrogens for intravaginal administration are used for local effects, primarily to treat vulval and vaginal atrophy. Because these preparations bypass the liver, the total dose is reduced and there is a lower risk of systemic effects. Depo Provera is a progesterone and is not indicated. Trans-dermal estrogen is used to treat hot flushes. Low-dose estrogens still have systemic effects.
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When positioning a patient with increased intracranial pressure but without neck injuries, the nurse may elevate the head of the bed
A) 0 to 10 degrees. B) 15 to 30 degrees. C) 30 to 45 degrees. D) 45 to 90 degrees.
What statement made by a parent indicates correct understanding of infant feeding?
a. "I've been mixing rice cereal and formula in the baby's bottle." b. "I switched the baby to low-fat milk at 9 months." c. "The baby really likes little pieces of chocolate." d. "I give the baby any new foods before he takes his bottle."
A nursing student is aware of the importance of critical thinking, especially in clinical situations. When applying the principles of critical thinking to a situation, the student should begin by asking,
A) "What did I do the last time I encountered a similar situation?" B) "Why do I need to act in this situation?" C) "What are the consequences of making the wrong decision in this situation?" D) "What are the facts that I know about this situation?"
The nurse is caring for a pregnant woman with severe preeclampsia. Based on the pathophysiology of severe preeclampsia, the nurse expects what changes in assessment data?
A) Pulmonary edema from capillary leakage or diminished left ventricular function B) Increased urine output from glomerular capillary damage C) Decreased serum creatinine from increased urine output D) Decreased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) from liver damage