To what extent were the causes of World War I rooted in the nineteenth century?
What will be an ideal response?
The ideal answer should include:
a. The nineteenth century was marked by the Industrial Revolution, the European quest for colonies, the spread of nationalism and social Darwinism, the emergence of Germany and Italy as new nation-states, and a prolonged period of peace.
b. Industrialization made possible the mass production of more sophisticated and destructive weapons and facilitated the rapid movement of goods and people across the globe.
c. The competition for colonies strained relations among the European powers.
d. Nationalism fueled independence and secession movements in places such as Austria-Hungary, which had annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina in the late nineteenth century.
e. The Young Bosnians and the Black Hand highlight the role that nationalism played in sparking the war.
f. Social Darwinism fed feelings of racial superiority and led many to see war as a way to separate the strong from the weak.
g. The growing power of Germany upset the balance of power in Europe.
h. Alliances created two opposing camps in Europe.
i. Europeans had not fought against one another since the Napoleonic Wars, leading many to romanticize war.
j. Rudyard Kipling’s role in spreading war propaganda and his son’s war enthusiasm reflect this view of war.
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Powhatan did not destroy the English settlers in Virginia because
A. he was honoring a treaty his father had signed with the English. B. he believed that he could use the English for his own purposes. C. the English had much greater military strength than the Indians. D. the settlers had given the Indians guns and money in exchange for their land.
The English Restoration under Charles II
a. resulted in the issuance of a constitution. b. brought neither political nor religious peace. c. saw the execution of Oliver Cromwell. d. was accomplished with the cooperation of Anglican and Puritan members of Parliament. e. made Ireland part of the Commonwealth.
The economic and political power of Great Zimbabwe was based on long-distance trade in
a. gold, copper, and salt. b. silk, porcelain, and iron. c. olives, wheat, and pepper. d. books, wool, and wine. e. qurans, ink, and wheat.
In 1913, to offset the loss of revenues from other legislation, Congress
A. increased business regulatory fees. B. passed a graduated income tax. C. passed heavy excise taxes on alcohol and tobacco. D. decided to inflate the currency. E. raised the tariff on agricultural goods.