Studies have shown that political action committees (PACs) contribute disproportionately to incumbent candidates. Why do PACs pursue this strategy in their campaign contributions?
What will be an ideal response?
An ideal response will:
1. Explain that PACs are strategic in how they invest their funds; they want to get the most impact out of their contributions.
2. Note that incumbent candidates are more likely to win, so groups that donate to PACs are more likely to gain access to elected officials after the election.
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It is found that an experimenter somehow influenced the participants. This
A) is a problem, but can be corrected through statistical procedures. B) occurs all the time in research. C) is sufficient to cast doubt on causal conclusions. D) is a problem, but not bad enough to question causal conclusions.
Online versions of newspapers
A. now have more subscribers than cable news has viewers. B. have led to a resurgence of the newspaper industry. C. have difficulty selling enough advertising to cover their costs. D. are highly profitable. E. are free to consumers.
The Council on Foreign Relations is seen by critics as being a(n) __________.
A. old boys' network that divides up jobs and decides issues among themselves B. interest group that is too liberal to make an informed decision C. influential group that conducts self-funded research D. union of first world nations' most powerful corporate sectors
American political parties are decentralized for all of the following reasons EXCEPT this:
a. The nature of the federal electoral structure leads to decentralization. b. Americans resist efforts of the parties to become more centralized. c. Federalism leads to decentralization. d. U.S. party organizations do not control the nomination process. e. States write the laws that dictate party structure.