Why does the FDA advise pregnant women to abstain from caffeine?
a) High levels of caffeine consumption are related to an increased risk of miscarriage
b) High levels of caffeine consumption are related to an increased risk of birth defects.
c) High levels of caffeine consumption are related to an increased risk of premature birth.
d) High levels of caffeine consumption are related to an increased risk of infertility.
A
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According to Melissa Hines and her colleagues (2015), human female embryos and fetuses who have been exposed prenatally to higher-than-typical concentrations of male sex hormones:
A) show a decreased likelihood of developing a lesbian sexual orientation. B) demonstrate an increased likelihood of developing a heterosexual orientation. C) do not demonstrate a conflict in gender identity. D) show increased male-stereotyped play during childhood.
When a CR has been conditioned to a particular stimulus, the organism will also tend to make the CR in response to other stimuli. This phenomenon is called:
a. discrimination. b. spread of effect. c. generalization. d. response shifting.
Reading skills are acquired by some children before they enter formal school, by other children
in kindergarten and first grade, but are not achieved by some children until third and fourth grades. Acquiring reading skills is an example of a a. normative age-graded change. b. critical period. c. quantitative change. d. sensitive period.
Between birth and 2 years,
A) fussiness increases. B) crying increases. C) the organization of sleep and wakefulness changes substantially. D) total sleep time increases slowly.