Professor Villanueva has developed a new form of therapy that he believes reduces anxiety. When he explains the experiment to his research assistants, he tells them that the participants in Group A are highly anxious and the participants in Group B are slightly anxious. Group C shows no signs of anxiety. Why might a scientist be skeptical of his claim?
a. There is no control group to compare to the people in his program.
b. He lacks a well-developed hypothesis.
c. Over 30 percent of the people did not improve.
d. There may be experimenter effects caused by the researchers' expectations of the participants.
Answer: d. There may be experimenter effects caused by the researchers' expectations of the participants.
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