Explain rationality.
What will be an ideal response?
Although rationality is defined somewhat differently in different disciplines, the basic notion is that rationality is the state of having good sense and sound judgment. Rationality is thus the quality of thinking and behaving in accordance with logic and reason such that one's reality is an ordered and intelligible system for achieving goals and solving problems.
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What is Locard's exchange principle?
What will be an ideal response?
A correctional institution for juveniles found to be delinquent or status offenders is called a __________.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Jaime has just pled guilty to cocaine possession. At first she claimed that the drugs weren't hers but figured the judge might be lenient if he knew that she had fought with cocaine addiction since she was 14 years old. Her parents are in the public spotlight and the publicity was just too much for her to handle so she left home when she was 16, certain that she could make it on her own. After living on the streets addicted to anything she could get her hands on, she finally went back home to seek help from her parents who put her in rehab about 6 months ago. Jaime was sentenced to a $2,000 fine, 300 hours of community service, and 2 months of intensive outpatient drug treatment. What do you think is the most likely reason for Jaime's sentence?
A. There is no room in jail for another drug offender. B. Sentencing Jaime to a harsher punishment may embarrass her parents. C. It is an attempt to help Jaime maintain the ties that she rebuilt with her family and community. D. Restitution and community service is appropriate for a troubled drug offender.
Discuss the different types of graphical representations (pie charts, bar charts, histograms, and polygons).What are the levels of measurement that can be used with each type of graphical representation?
A pie chartconsists of a round “pie” shape divided into parts, or “slices,” where each slice represents a separate value of the variable. The size of each slice of the pie is proportionate to the frequency (or proportion or percentage of the total) for each value; that is, the greater the contribution that a given value makes to the total number of observations, the larger the slice of the pie for that value. The total area of the pie chart should equal the number of observations if you are graphing the frequencies, 1.0 if you are graphing proportions and 100 if you are graphing percentages.These are best used for nominal level data. The bar chartis appropriate for the graphical display of qualitative data only (nominal and ordinal). A bar chart represents the frequencies, proportions, or percents of each value by a vertical or horizontal bar. The width of the bar is equal to 1.0, and the height (or length for a horizontal bar chart) is equal to the value’s frequency, proportion, or percent (it does not matter which because the shape will be the same regardless). When we make the width of the bar equal to 1 and the height (or length) equal to the value’s frequency (or proportion or percent), the total area of a bar in a bar chart corresponds to the area represented by the frequency (or proportion or percent) of that value. A histogramis very much like a bar chart. It is a graph of bars where the width of each bar on the x axis is equal to one (1.0) and the height of the bar on the y axis is equal to the value’s frequency, percent, or proportion. The histogram’s bars are connected to one another, indicating that the underlying measurement continuum is continuous and quantitative. The bars on a histogram are placed on the graph from lowest score to highest score. In the bar chart, the placement of the values along the x axis was arbitrary.These can be used with interval and ratio level variables. A polygon or line graph can be used with continuous data.With a polygon, the frequency (or percent or proportion) is represented by point or dot above each score, rather than by a rectangular bar, where the height of the point corresponds to the magnitude of the frequency.