The nurse is caring for a client who is diagnosed with prostate cancer. What type of tumor marker indicates this malignancy?
A) Enzymes
B) Cancer antigens
C) Hormones
D) Genes
A
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Tumor markers are specific enzymes, cancer antigens, oncofetal proteins, hormones, or genes that can indicate malignancies. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is used to detect prostate cancer and as an indicator of response to therapy. An example of a cancer antigen is the CA 125 tumor marker detecting ovarian colorectal and gastric cancers. Beta–human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) detects testicular and certain types of ovarian cancers and the WT1 gene indicates Wilms' tumor.
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An older patient smoked tobacco most of the adult life. When planning health promotion education for this patient, the nurse includes information that such smoking
a. may produce alterations in the immune response. b. is a risk factor for community-acquired pneumonia. c. decreases the production of an immunog-lobulin called IgA. d. increases the risk of gastric cancer.
Which nursing consideration(s) would be taken into account prior to the administration of cisplatin IV? (Select all that apply.)
a. Review of laboratory data for presence of myelosuppression and hepatic and renal parameters b. Administration of IV hydration as prescribed c. Administration of epoetin alfa (Epogen) d. Administration of prechemotherapy mesna (Mesnex) e. Assessment for dermatologic conditions
A patient whose spouse has chronic myelogenous leukemia is concerned that future children will inherit that genetic disorder. How should the nurse respond to this patient?
A. "The genetic makeup that created the chronic myelogenous leukemia in your spouse is not inheritable." B. "Maybe you should re-think having children." C. "I would be concerned, too." D. "It could cause the same disorder, but it's a decision that you will have to make."
What composes a dermoid cysts and why?
What will be an ideal response?