Discuss the similarities and differences in the approaches to discovering how proteins are identified by
the import machinery in the nucleus (the nuclear localization signal) and the approach to
understanding how the complex properties of cells arise from functions and interactions of their
molecular components?
What will be an ideal response?
Some proteins must be imported into the cell nucleus to carry out function and therefore there must be
a signal that identifies those proteins from those that carry out function in the cystol. To discover how
the nuclear localization signal works researchers used a viral protein found in the nucleus after the
virus infects the cell. They then mutated various amino acid sequences in the protein in mammalian
cells (rodent and monkey) in culture and revealed the amino acid sequence necessary for localization
of the protein. Researchers examining how complex structures of cells arise have taken the approach of
determining the role of individual genes and proteins, which provides a catalog of gene and protein
function. These researchers also use viruses and bacterial pathogens (e.g., the research of Matthew
Welch). However, some also use models systems, such as yeast. And in addition, some researchers in
this area have been taking a holistic systems approach by working with mathematicians and computer
scientists to try and understand how the translation, localization and abundance of thousands of
proteins interact.
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The secondary lymphoid organs consist of the following EXCEPT
A) lymph nodes. B) mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). C) spleen. D) All of these organs are secondary lymphoid organs.
Which immune system cells destroy infected or malignant host cells?
a. B lymphocytes b. T lymphocytes c. Natural killer cells d. Neutrophils
You are attempting to determine which step of prokaryotic translation a new antibiotic inhibits. You have determined that the antibiotic interacts with a translational factor but need to identify which one
If the new antibiotic interferes with elongation, which of the following factors could be a potential site of action? A) IF3 interaction with an aminoacyl tRNA B) EF-Tu placement of N-formylmethionine onto the ribosome C) EF-Tu interaction with an aminoacyl tRNA D) EF-Ts translocation of tRNAs from the A site to the P site E) All of these could be potential sites of action.
T lymphocytes mature in the (bone marrow/lymph node/thymus)
What will be an ideal response?