Adzure and Anton are identical twins, each born with a special ability. Adzure is able to dispense two aspirin from the bottle without any difficulty. Anton is able to find mates—easily and often. According to natural selection, if all other attributes are equal, who is more likely to survive, and why??
a. ?Adzure; his ability is an example of a positive fixed action pattern.
b. ?Anton; his ability will increase his opportunities to pass on his genes.
c. ?Adzure; his ability will decrease his chances of falling ill.
d. ?Neither will be more or less likely to survive.
ANSWER:
b
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A drill sergeant shouts, "Fire!," the artillery shoots, and the loud sound makes you flinch. After a few repetitions, the word Fire! makes you flinch. What is the conditioned stimulus?
a. The drill sergeant b. The word Fire! c. The loud sound d. Flinching
Which of the following students provides the best summary of the research about using a cell phone and paying attention while driving?
a. Hans: "As long as you talk on a hands-free cell phone, you can still pay full attention to driving." b. Gail: "As long as you are an experienced driver, talking on a hand-held cell phone or a hands-free cell phone will not distract your attention." c. MarÃa Luisa: "If the traffic is heavy, talking on a hands-free cell phone can distract your attention." d. Josh: "Fortunately, drivers are not distracted when a passenger is having a conversation on a phone."
Psychologists evaluate whether theories are _____
a) true.
b) proven.
c) false.
d) useful.
Triplett (1898) conducted one of social psychology's first laboratory experiments by asking children to wind string on a fishing reel. The results of the study indicated that there was a positive relationship between the speed at which the children wound the reel and the presence of other children. Later studies found the same pattern and dubbed it:
A. the social facilitation effect. B. deindividuation. C. the groupthink effect. D. social loafing.