Compare and contrast meningococcal meningitis and meningitis caused by Haemophilus, including etiologic agents, pathology, and epidemiology
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Both diseases are transmitted in aerosols or droplets of upper respiratory secretions and are potentially fatal. Both diseases are preventable by vaccination. Both pathogens are fastidious, growing primarily on chocolate agar plates, and are oxidase positive.
A previously common early childhood bacterial meningitis is caused by Haemophilus influenzae b, a facultatively anaerobic pleomorphic bacterium in the family Enterobacteriaceae. H. influenzae most commonly causes disease in children less than two years of age. H. influenzae has a capsule that makes it resistant to phagocytosis.
Meningococcal meningitis is caused by Neisseria meningitidis, a Gram-negative aerobic diplococcus. N. meningitidis often causes meningitis in young adults, although young children are also susceptible. N. meningitidis has a polysaccharide capsule that does not prevent phagocytosis but resists digestion once inside phagocytes. As a consequence, N. meningitidis becomes an intracellular parasite of phagocytes.
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How does the organization of the bacterial genome differ from the organization of the eukaryotic genome?
A. The compaction of the eukaryotic genome involves structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) proteins, and the compaction of the bacterial genome does not. B. Most bacterial chromosomes are circular and the eukaryotic chromosomes contained in the nucleus are not. C. Bacterial chromosomes are made up of RNA and eukaryotic chromosomes are made up of DNA. D. The eukaryotic genome is found on chromosomes and there are no chromosomes in bacterial cells. E. Eukaryotic chromosomes have to be tightly packed to fit into the nucleus, and bacterial chromosomes do not require tight packing to fit into the cell.
Conjugative transposons
A. can be transferred from one bacterium to another by a phage mediated process. B. often express enzymes that degrade aromatic compounds. C. may be involved in the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. D. All of the choices are correct.
Except during initiation of translation, transfer RNA molecules carrying amino acids initially bind to the ribosome at the (P/A/E) site
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Human sex cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes. Sex cells, sperm and eggs, are known as ___________ and are _________ These cells are created by _____
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).